Shabia Mantoo, UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) spokesperson, said the figures, compiled from reports from national authorities and partner agencies, were "ballpark figures".

The countries on the European Union's eastern flank were all once part of the Moscow-led Warsaw Pact and are now members of NATO.

Among them, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania all share land borders with Ukraine.

ADDITIONAL AUSTRALIAN SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA

Australia will implement a second tranche of sanctions after Russia invaded Ukraine on Thursday.

Targeted sanctions announced earlier on members of Russia's Security Council, which are at the centre of "perpetrating" the Ukrainian invasion, came into effect at midnight.

Prime Minister Scott Morrison strongly condemned the "brutal" and "unprovoked" Russian invasion of Ukraine, saying the West needs to ensure there is a cost for "violent, unacceptable, and egregious behaviour".

Mr Morrison said the sanctions would send a message about the cost of Russia's aggression.

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"It's important that all countries engage in these sanctions against these individuals," he said.

"It sends a very clear message. You sanction, support, benefit from this type of violence, then you will be isolated, you will be targeted."

It follows from the first tranche of sanctions which were formalised by the prime minister on Thursday morning.

AUSTRALIA'S MEASURES:

* A further 25 Russians including army commanders, deputy defence ministers and mercenaries responsible for the attacks will be sanctioned, adding to the eight members of Russia's security council covered in the first round.

* The sanctions on the individuals will prohibit travel into the country and freeze assets.

* Four entities "responsible for the unprovoked and unacceptable aggression" will also be sanctioned.

* Four additional financial institutions will be targeted, an expansion of the initial five banks.

* Further tranches are expected to follow, with the prime minister flagging the targeting of "those responsible for these egregious acts, including moving on over 300 members of the Russian parliament".

* Australia will not expel the Russian ambassador over the latest moves and Mr Morrison says he will not directly engage with Russia's top diplomat either, leaving interactions up to the secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs, who called in Alexey Pavlovsky on Wednesday.

* Australia has ruled out sending troops to the region but flagged technical military support. The prime minister again declined to elaborate on what such support would encompass, saying it would be "inappropriate" to comment.

* No specific cyber security threats have been identified but Australian companies are being told to review and enhance their protections, with retaliation likely to come in the form of cyber attacks.

Australian Associated Press